The former player: 'I really hoped to carry on my rugby career'
Warning: This piece includes details of discriminatory language and behaviour
Ex-England player Luther Burrell says that speaking out to reveal racial discrimination in rugby union led his career to an early end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the sport, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to end my career because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I really wanted to continue competing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when news emerged that there were investigations going on.
"That was challenging - I had to simply accept the fate and accept that this entire process is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization report in 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather enough evidence to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to journalists he also encountered prejudice within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his debut in 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the problem that I've personally experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a period of time you just learn to think that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually spurred to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and told him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an strategy for the professional game."
"We has given considerable attention on inclusion and inclusion in rugby union and a great deal of work completed both prior and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it added.
"The organization are continuing work with teams and partners in the professional game to work for a culture of acceptance but acknowledge this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
All Prem and PWR club now has in-person training on creating welcoming cultures, with its success tracked via individual reports and feedback.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to intervene and defend others from damaging behaviour.
"You should be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and ended your playing days, but in our view, you have achieved so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff died shortly after the filming of the documentary, and his sister passed away recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization aims to connect with young people in under-served communities and help them succeed on and off the field with complimentary sports training, guidance and nutrition education.
"My personal motivations are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is willing to share their experience then I'll continue to fight that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable fellow players will become about sharing their own stories as well.
"I need to grab the challenge by the opportunity and continue bearing this flag and continue carrying this responsibility and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the game more attractive and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly believe that rugby has the potential to transform their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in November 2022